DC Motor Speed Controller Using 8051

Description

The aim of developing this kit Microcontroller-based DC motor speed controller is to control the speed and direction of the DC motor. The main advantage of using a DC motor is that the Speed-Torque relationship can be varied to almost any useful form. To achieve speed control an electronic technique called Pulse Width Modulation is used which generates High and Low pulses. These pulses vary the speed of the motor. As a microcontroller is used setting the speed ranges as per the requirement is easy which is done by changing the duty cycles time period in the program.

This kit Microcontroller-based DC motor speed controller is practical and highly feasible from an economic point of view and has the advantage of running motors of higher ratings. This kit gives a reliable, durable, accurate, and efficient way of speed control of a DC motor. The direction of the motor can be controlled by controlling the polarity of the current flowing through it. Usually, DC motors are driven by famous H-Bridge circuits made up of either transistors or buffers or any other suitable methods. Controlling the speed of the motor is another important area to be considered. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals.

In the kit Microcontroller-based DC motor speed controller hence, if we control the voltage applied across its terminal we actually control its speed. A PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the motor. Here the average voltage is given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the ON and OFF time of the pulses controlling the speed of the motor i.e. the duty cycle of the wave controls its speed.