Here's an overview of how it works and its typical applications:

IR Emitter and Receiver Pairs: The TCRT5000L module typically includes five pairs of infrared (IR) emitter and IR receiver sensors. Each pair consists of an IR LED (emitter) and an IR phototransistor (receiver). The IR LEDs emit infrared light, and the phototransistors detect the reflected light.

Detection Principle: The module relies on the principle of detecting the amount of reflected IR light. When the module is placed over a surface, the IR light emitted by the LEDs reflects differently depending on the color and reflectivity of the surface. Dark lines or edges on a lighter surface, for example, will reflect less IR light compared to the surrounding area.

Analog Output: Each pair of IR sensors on the module generates an analog voltage signal proportional to the amount of reflected IR light. The voltage level varies as the module moves over contrasting surfaces or lines.

Multiple Channels: The module provides five separate sensor channels, allowing you to detect variations in IR reflection at different points simultaneously. This is useful for tracking lines with complex shapes or detecting multiple edges.